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Nickel–hydrogen battery
A nickel–hydrogen battery (NiH2 or Ni–H2) is a rechargeable electrochemical power source based on nickel and hydrogen.〔(A simplified physics-based model for nickel hydrogen battery )〕 It differs from a nickel–metal hydride (NIMH) battery by the use of hydrogen in gaseous form, stored in a pressurized cell at up to 1200 psi (82.7 bar) pressure.〔(Nickel-hydrogen spacecraft battery handling and storage practice )〕 The Nickel-hydrogen battery was patented on Feb 25, 1971 by Boris I.Tsenter and Alexandr I. Kloss in the United States.〔(Hermetically sealed nickel-hydrogen storage cell US Patent 3669744 )〕
NiH2 cells using 26% potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an electrolyte have shown a service life of 15 years or more at 80% depth of discharge (DOD)〔(Potassium hydroxide electrolyte for long-term mickel-hydrogen geosynchronous missions )〕
The energy density is 75 Wh/kg, 60 Wh/dm3〔(Spacecraft Power Systems Pag.9 )〕 specific power 220 W/kg.〔(NASA/CR—2001-210563/PART2 -Pag.10 )〕 The open-circuit voltage is 1.55 V, the average voltage during discharge is 1.25 V.〔(Optimization of spacecraft electrical power subsystems -Pag.40 )〕
While the energy density is only around one third as that of a lithium battery, the specific property of the nickel–hydrogen battery is its long life: the cells handle more than 20,000 charge cycles〔(Five-year update: nickel hydrogen industry survey )〕 with 85% energy efficiency and 100% faradaic efficiency.
NiH2 rechargeable batteries possess good electrical properties which make them attractive for the energy storage of electrical energy in satellites〔(Ni-H2 Cell Characterization for INTELSAT Programs )〕 and space probes. For example, the ISS,〔(Validation of International Space Station electrical performance model via on-orbit telemetry )〕 Mercury Messenger,〔http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/168019main_MESSENGER_71504_PressKit.pdf〕 Mars Odyssey〔(A lightweight high reliability single battery power system for interplanetary spacecraft )〕 and the Mars Global Surveyor〔(Mars Global Surveyor )〕 are equipped with nickel–hydrogen batteries. The Hubble Space Telescope, when its original batteries were changed in May 2009 more than 19 years after launch, led with the highest number of charge and discharge cycles of any NiH2〔(Hubble space telescope servicing mission 4 batteries )〕 battery in low earth orbit.〔(NiH2 reliability impact upon Hubble Space Telescope battery replacement )〕
==History==
(詳細はComsat〔(Nickel-hydrogen battery technology—development and status )〕 and was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy's Navigation technology satellite-2 (NTS-2).〔(NTS-2 Nickel-Hydrogen Battery Performance 31 )〕 Currently, the major manufacturers of nickel-hydrogen batteries are Eagle-Pitcher Technologies and Johnson Controls, Inc.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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